How to Calculate Mortgage Payments (PITI Guide)
Understand exactly what goes into your monthly mortgage payment. Learn how to calculate PITI components, when PMI applies, and how amortization schedules work.
How to Calculate Profit Margin vs. Markup (With Formulas)
Stop confusing margin and markup. Learn the key difference, see the formulas side by side, and find the right selling price with our free Profit Margin Calculator.
How to Calculate Return on Investment (ROI Formula)
Master ROI calculations with our step-by-step guide. Learn the Annualized ROI formula, how to adjust for inflation, and use our free calculator to compare investments.
How to Calculate Sales Tax (Forward & Reverse Formula)
Learn how to calculate sales tax step by step. Includes the formula for reverse calculations (extracting tax from total) and a guide to US state tax rates.
How to Calculate Take-Home Pay (2026 Salary Guide)
Understand the difference between gross and net pay. Learn how federal taxes, FICA, and 401k deductions affect your paycheck with our 2026 Salary Calculator.
How to Compare Text Files Online (Diff Checker Guide)
Learn how to find differences between two text files using a Diff Checker. Understand added, removed, and modified lines in code, configs, and documents.
How to Convert Unix Timestamps (Epoch Time) in Any Language
Learn what Unix timestamps are and how to convert epoch time in Python, JavaScript, Java, and Excel. Includes timezone handling and our free converter tool.
How to Decode JWT (JSON Web Tokens) - Debugger Guide
Learn how to decode and debug JSON Web Tokens. View claims, expiration dates, headers, and signature details. Covers security pitfalls and our free JWT Decoder.
How to Encode and Decode URLs (Percent-Encoding)
Learn why URLs need percent-encoding, which characters are unsafe, and how to use encodeURIComponent correctly. Includes our free URL Encoder/Decoder tool.
How to Escape HTML Special Characters (XSS Prevention)
Learn how to escape HTML special characters to prevent XSS attacks. Convert angle brackets, ampersands, and quotes into safe entity strings with our free encoder.
How to Find My IP Address (Public vs. Private)
Learn how to find your public and private IP addresses on Windows, Mac, and mobile devices. Use our free IP Lookup tool to see what websites know about you.
How to Format SQL for Readability
Learn the best practices for formatting SQL queries for readability. Covers uppercase keywords, indentation rules, aliases, and our free SQL Beautifier tool.
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